Chapter 6 - Manufacturing Industries

Manufacturing is the process of processing raw materials into products and manufacturing them in large quantities. Workers employed in steel mills, automobiles, breweries, textile industries, bakeries, etc. fall under secondary employment. In Vidyakul CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 – Manufacturing Industries, you will learn about the manufacturing industry, which mainly falls under the second sector.

The Importance of Manufacturing

• Manufacturing is considered the backbone of development for the following reasons.
• Helps end unemployment and poverty.
• Exports of manufactured goods expand trade and commerce, bringing much-needed foreign currency.
• Revitalize the economy and prosper the country.

Industry's Contribution to the National Economy
The growth rate trend of the manufacturing industry has been around 7% per annum over the past decade.

Industrial Locations

Industrial Locations are affected by the availability of

• Raw Materials
• Labor
• Capital
• Power
• Markets
• Government Policy

The figure below shows the market linkages of the industry.

Agro-related industries

Cotton, jute, silk, wool fabrics, sugar, cooking oil, etc. Industry based on agricultural raw materials. Please let us know about each, one at a time.

Textile Industry

India's only fully self-sufficient industry in its value chain. From raw materials to high-value-added products. It contributes to industrial production, job creation, and foreign currency earnings.

Cotton Textiles

This industry is closely related to agriculture and provides a livelihood for farmers, ball pickers, cotton ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring, and sewing workers. and many other industries. Chemicals and Dyes, Packaging Materials, and Mechanical Engineering.

Jute Textiles

India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute products. Most of the factories are located in West Bengal, mainly on the banks of the Hughuri River.

Sugar Industry

India is the second largest producer of sugar in the world, but the largest producer of Guru and Kansari. This industry is seasonal in nature.

Mineral-Related Industries

Industries that use minerals and metals as raw materials are called mineral-related industries. Let's discuss some industries that fall into this category.

Steel Industry

Because steel is a basic industry and all other industries (heavy, medium, and light) rely on steel for their machinery. It is considered a heavy industry because all raw materials and finished products are heavy, bulky, and require high transportation costs.

India is one of the world's leading steel producers.

• High cost and limited availability of coking coal
• Low labor productivity
• Irregular energy supply
• Poor infrastructure.

Aluminum Smelting

Aluminum smelting is the second most important metallurgical industry in India. Used for crafting planes, instruments, and wire. Bauxite is a raw material used in smelters.

Aluminum smelting has become a popular alternative to steel, copper, zinc, and lead in many industries.

• Light weight
• Corrosion resistant
• Good thermal conductivity
• Malleable
• Solid when mixed with other metals

Chemical industry

The chemical industry includes large and small production units. Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic Inorganic chemicals include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, alkalis, soda ash, and caustic soda. Organic chemicals include synthetic fibers, synthetic rubbers, plastics, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.

Fertilizer Industry

The Fertilizer Industry consists of nitrogen fertilizers (primarily urea), phosphate fertilizers, ammonium phosphate (DAP), and complex fertilizers containing combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P), and potash (K). The focus is on fertilizer production. Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Kerala account for half of the fertilizer production.

Cement Industry

Cement is essential in construction activities such as building houses, factories, bridges, roads, airports, dams, and other commercial facilities. This industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials such as limestone, silica, and gypsum.

Automotive Industry

This industry deals with the manufacture of trucks, buses, passenger cars, motorcycles, scooters, tricycles and MPVs. These industries are located around Delhi, Gurugram, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bangalore.

Information Technology and Electronics Industry

The Electronics Industry covers a wide range of products from semiconductor devices to televisions, telephones, cellular communications, switchboards, radars, computers and many other devices required by the communications industry. doing. This industry has created jobs in India. Bangalore is known as the electronic capital of India.

Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation

Industries contribute to four types of pollution. Smoke is emitted from chemical factories, paper mills, brick kilns, refineries and smelters, and the burning of fossil fuels causes air pollution. It affects human health, animals, plants, buildings, and the atmosphere as a whole.

Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial waste and sewage discharged into rivers. The main sources of water pollution are the paper, pulp, chemical, textile, dyeing, petroleum refining, tanning, and electroplating industries.

Hydrothermal pollution occurs when hot water from factories and thermal power plants is discharged into rivers and ponds before it has been cooled.

Noise pollution is the transmission of noise that has a detrimental effect on human or animal activity. It leads to irritability, anger, deafness, increased heart rate, and increased blood pressure.

Reducing Environmental Degradation
Here are some ways to reduce industrial pollution:

• Minimize water use through reuse and recycling.
• Use of rainwater to meet water needs.
• Treatment of hot water and sewage before discharge into rivers and ponds.
• Airborne particulate matter can be reduced by equipping factories with stacks with electrostatic precipitators, bag filters, scrubbers, and inertial precipitators.
• Using oil and gas instead of coal in factories can reduce smoke.
• Machines can be redesigned to be more energy efficient and less noisy.

Frequently asked Questions on CBSE Class 10 

What is the function of an industry?

The production of goods is the main function of any industry.

What are the types of the industry?

1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary 4. Quaternary

Which is the state that has the maximum number of factories in India?

Tamil Nadu is the state in India that has the maximum number of factories.