Bihar Board - Class 12 Biology - Chapter 8: Human Health And Disease Notes
After the 12th grade, it is very important for students planning to study medicine to read NCERT notes. Students can use NCERT notes for Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 - Human Health and Disease as a supplementary study aid to perform well in exams. Preparing a solid foundation for the topics can help students achieve good results in the NEET and other medical entrance exams.
Improvement in a student's performance in competitive medical exams like NEET can be seen if they fully understand this chapter. Students should practice all the questions provided by Vidya Kul to obtain the best scores. Keep reading NCERT notes for Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 to excel.
Points to Remember:
Students can remember important points related to Chapter 8 - Human Health and Disease from the following:
- Health: Health is not just the absence of disease but a state of complete physical, mental, social, and psychological well-being.
- Disease: Diseases like typhoid, cholera, pneumonia, fungal skin infections, malaria, and many others are major causes of suffering for humans.
Infectious Diseases:
(i) Vector-borne diseases like malaria, especially the deadly malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, can be fatal if left untreated.
(ii) Besides personal hygiene and cleanliness, public health measures like proper waste disposal, water purification, vector control (e.g., mosquitoes), and vaccination are very helpful in preventing these diseases.
Immune System:
(i) When we come into contact with pathogens, our immune system plays a crucial role in preventing diseases.
(ii) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS, a deadly disease that can be prevented with precautions.
(iii) HIV infects helper T-lymphocytes (T cells) that have CD4 receptor sites.
Cancer:
(i) All cancers have uncontrolled growth and division of cells as their hallmark.
(ii) Malignant tumors grow rapidly, invade surrounding tissues, and cause harm.
(iii) The spread of cancer to distant sites is called metastasis.
(iv) Many cancers can be cured if detected early and appropriate medical measures are taken.
Topics and Subtopics:
VidyaKul provides notes on Chapter 8 - Human Health and Disease based on the latest curriculum. Students can practice questions for free and score maximum marks in their final exams. Below is a list of important topics from Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 - Human Health and Disease:
- Common Diseases in Humans
- Immunity
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
- Cancer
- Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Practice Questions:
Question 1: Define 'genetic disorder.'
Answer: A genetic disorder occurs when a variation affects an individual's genes or chromosomes, leading to abnormal traits or characteristics.
Question 2: Define 'immunity' and its types.
Answer: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to recognize and defend against foreign substances or pathogens. There are two types of immunity: innate immunity (natural or nonspecific immunity) and adaptive immunity (acquired or specific immunity).
Question 3: What is ELISA, and what is its usage?
Answer: ELISA stands for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. It is a laboratory test used to detect the presence of specific antibodies or antigens in a sample, such as blood. ELISA is widely used in medical diagnostics and research to detect diseases, including HIV.
Question 4: What is cancer? Briefly summarize the types of cancer, diagnosis, and treatment.
Answer: Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and division. Types of cancer include carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia, and lymphoma. Diagnosis involves imaging, biopsy, and various tests. Treatment options for cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Question 5: Create a list of causes, symptoms, and available treatments for influenza.
Answer: Causes of influenza include influenza viruses (types A, B, and C). Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. Available treatments include antiviral medications, rest, and fluids.
