UP Board Class 12th English-Vistas – Chapter 4: Handwritten Notes of The Enemy

"The Enemy" by Pearl S. Buck is a poignant story set during World War II that explores themes of humanity, compassion, and moral dilemmas. It tells the story of Dr. Sadao Hoki, a Japanese surgeon, who faces a critical conflict when he encounters an injured American prisoner of war washed ashore near his home. 

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Key Points

1. Setting and Background:

   • The story is set in Japan during World War II, a time of intense hostility between Japan and America.
   • Dr. Sadao, a skilled surgeon, lives near the coast with his wife, Hana, and leads a privileged life due to his high status.

2. The Arrival of the Enemy:

   • Dr. Sadao finds an injured American soldier, washed ashore and in desperate need of medical attention.
   • Despite the soldier being the "enemy," Sadao's medical ethics compel him to save the man’s life.

3. Moral Conflict:

   • Sadao faces a dilemma between his duty as a doctor and his patriotism.
   • His wife, Hana, supports him but also shares his fear of being accused of harboring an enemy.
   • The couple’s loyalty to their country clashes with their innate sense of humanity.

4. Sadao’s Humanity and Professional Ethics:

   • Dr. Sadao performs surgery on the American soldier, Tom, to save his life, risking his own safety and reputation.
   • His actions reflect the conflict between societal expectations and personal morality.

5. Pressure and Fear:

   • The servants in the household disapprove of harboring the enemy and eventually leave the house, intensifying Sadao and Hana’s isolation.
   • Sadao also reports the situation to the Japanese authorities, but they fail to act promptly, leaving him to grapple with the decision of what to do with the soldier.

6. Release of the Enemy:

   • Sadao ultimately decides to help the soldier escape, arranging for him to leave by boat under the cover of night.
   • This act of compassion shows Sadao’s internal resolution to prioritize humanity over nationalistic hatred.

7. Themes and Symbolism:

   • Humanity vs. Patriotism: The story explores the conflict between human compassion and national loyalty.
   • Moral Dilemmas: Sadao’s actions highlight the complexities of making ethical decisions during times of war.
   • Universal Brotherhood: The story underscores the idea that humanity transcends political and national boundaries.

Conclusion

"The Enemy" is a thought-provoking narrative that delves into the complexities of human emotions and ethics in the face of war and prejudice. Pearl S. Buck masterfully portrays the internal struggle of Dr. Sadao, emphasizing the importance of compassion and the moral courage to do what is right, even in the most challenging circumstances. 

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