Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Class 11 Notes
Chapter 13 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
NCERT notes are critical for testing. In this chapter, students learn more about photosynthesis. Plants go through this process to prepare food. Therefore, the NCERT Biology Year 11 notes will help students learn these concepts.
Vidyakul's top academic experts prepare these NCERT notes to help students learn. In addition to these notes, students can practice over 100 exercises in this chapter. These practical questions cover the 47 concepts in the chapter. This makes it easier for students to prepare for the exam. You can also take the NCERT notes post-internship exam for free on Vidyakul. Read on to learn more.
CBSE CLASS 11 BIOLOGY CH-13
Points to Remember
Some of the important points to remember from this chapter are as follows:
Green plants create their own food through a process known as photosynthesis.
There are two stages to photosynthesis: the light reaction and the carbon fixing reaction.
The PS-I has 700 nm absorbing chlorophyll- a P700 molecule, while PS-II has a P800 reaction center that absorbs red light at 680 nm.
PS-I is involved in both cyclic and non-cyclic transport, whereas PS-II is only involved in non-cyclic transport.
PS-I is concerned with ATP production, whereas PS-II is concerned with both ATP and NADPH2.
Topics and Sub-topics
Photosynthesis is very important for plants. This process allows them to prepare their own food. Plants also use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water. In this chapter, students learn more about photosynthesis in higher plants. Chapter 13 covers all these concepts on important topics.
The overarching topic of this chapter is photorespiration. However, electron transfer and the factors that affect photosynthesis are also important topics in this chapter. Students can also read this chapter for free on the Vidyakul website. So start learning on Vidyakul and practice the questions to get better grades.
Now, let us look at the important topics from this chapter:
Frequently Asked Questions
Does photosynthesis occur in leaves only? If no, what are the other parts that are capable of carrying out photosynthesis? Justify.
The process of photosynthesis primarily occurs in leaves of all green plants. The leaves are designed in such a way that they capture sunlight and convert solar energy into chemical energy effectively. However, in some plants, modified parts other than leaves carry out photosynthesis. In some plants, roots develop chlorophyll and initiate photosynthesis, they are referred to as assimilatory roots. Example – Tinospora, Trapa. The stem in some plants such as the Opuntia gets modified and adapts to perform the functions of leaves, be turning thick, succulent and flattened, performing photosynthesis, these structures are referred to as phylloclade. In Australian Acacia, the petiole takes the shape and function of photosynthesis when stamina of leaf fails.
List the location in the cell where the following reactions take place during the process of photosynthesis.
a) Synthesis of NADPH and ATP
b) Photolysis of water
c) CO2 fixation
d) Synthesis of sugar molecule
e) Synthesis of starch
a) Outer side of the thylakoid membrane
b) The inner side of the thylakoid membrane
c) Stroma of chloroplast
d) Chloroplast
e) Cytoplasm
Name the pigment that is responsible for its ability to initiate the process of photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis is higher in the red and blue regions of the spectrum of light, why?
The thylakoid membranes contain the chlorophyll pigments which have the property of excitability and emits e– in the excited stage, though it is replaced and transferred by the e– produced from splitting of water molecules. Chlorophyll pigments absorb the maximum energy possessed by the red and blue light, thereby getting excited and initiating photosynthesis. Its wavelength lies between the PAR (Photosynthetic Active Radiation). Hence the rate is higher in the red and blue regions.
What are the important events and end products of light reaction?
The following are the events: Emission of a pair of electrons due to excitation of chlorophyll molecules, using this energy to form ATP from ADP + Pi, the process is referred to as photophosphorylation, a water molecule is split
2H2O→4H++4e−+O2↑
NADP+2H+→NADPH2
End products are ATP and NADPH. The light reaction produces the reducing power i.e., the ATP and NADPH2 molecules which are utilized in the dark reaction. A by-product of splitting water is O2.
Why photorespiration does not take place in C4 plants?
Photorespiration is related to the C3 cycle, where plants lose carbon dioxide fixation because of the increase in the concentration ion of oxygen and modification in the nature of the activity of RuBP carboxylase oxygenase. C4 plants have developed a mechanism to avoid the loss of carbon dioxide. There is no direct contact of RuBP carboxylase oxygenase as the C3 cycle functions in bundle sheath cells. The enzyme PEP carboxylase in mesophyll cells carries out carbon dioxide fixation, wherein oxaloacetate is formed which is converted to malic acid which is passed to bundle sheath cells where carbon dioxide is utilized in the Calvin cycle that functions in bundle sheath cells of C3 plants.
Practice Questions
If a green plant is kept in dark with proper ventilation, can this plant carry out photosynthesis? Can anything be given as a supplement to maintain its growth or survival?
Tomatoes, carrots, and chilies are red in color due to the presence of one pigment. Name the pigment. Is it a photosynthetic pigment?
How are succulents able to meet their photosynthetic CO2 requirements as they are known to keep their stomata closed during the day to check transpiration?
Define accessory pigments. State their significance in photosynthesis.
Do photosynthetic reactions such as dark reactions require light? Explain.
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
Green plants create their own food through a process known as photosynthesis.
There are two stages to photosynthesis: the light reaction and the carbon fixing reaction.
The PS-I has 700 nm absorbing chlorophyll- a P700 molecule, while PS-II has a P800 reaction center that absorbs red light at 680 nm.
PS-I is involved in both cyclic and non-cyclic transport, whereas PS-II is only involved in non-cyclic transport.
PS-I is concerned with ATP production, whereas PS-II is concerned with both ATP and NADPH2.
Does photosynthesis occur in leaves only? If no, what are the other parts that are capable of carrying out photosynthesis? Justify.
List the location in the cell where the following reactions take place during the process of photosynthesis.
Name the pigment that is responsible for its ability to initiate the process of photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis is higher in the red and blue regions of the spectrum of light, why?
What are the important events and end products of light reaction?
2H2O→4H++4e−+O2↑
NADP+2H+→NADPH2
Why photorespiration does not take place in C4 plants?
If a green plant is kept in dark with proper ventilation, can this plant carry out photosynthesis? Can anything be given as a supplement to maintain its growth or survival?
Tomatoes, carrots, and chilies are red in color due to the presence of one pigment. Name the pigment. Is it a photosynthetic pigment?
How are succulents able to meet their photosynthetic CO2 requirements as they are known to keep their stomata closed during the day to check transpiration?
Define accessory pigments. State their significance in photosynthesis.
Do photosynthetic reactions such as dark reactions require light? Explain.
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
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