Bihar Board - Class 12 Chemistry - Chapter 3: Electrochemistry Handwritten Notes

Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the relationship between electrical energy and chemical reactions. It involves the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy and vice versa. Electrochemistry is widely used in various applications such as batteries, fuel cells, and electrolysis processes.

Key Points:

Electrolysis:

Electrolysis is a chemical process in which electrical current is used to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction.

Example: Water electrolysis, which breaks down water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.

Galvanic Cell:

A galvanic cell is a type of electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.

Example: The Daniel Cell, which uses zinc and copper electrodes and an electrolyte to produce electricity.

Electrodes:

Electrodes are conductive materials that allow the flow of electrical current in and out of a solution during a chemical reaction.

Two main types: Anode (positive electrode) and Cathode (negative electrode).

Electrode Potential:

This is a measure of the ability of an electrode to either gain or lose electrons during a reaction, and it determines the tendency of a substance to undergo reduction or oxidation.

A higher electrode potential indicates a greater tendency to gain electrons (reduction), while a lower potential indicates a greater tendency to lose electrons (oxidation).

Nernst Equation:

The Nernst equation calculates the electrode potential of a half-cell in non-standard conditions, taking into account concentration and temperature.

Applications of Electrochemistry:

Batteries: Electrochemistry is the basis for the functioning of batteries, such as the lead-acid battery and lithium-ion batteries.

Electroplating: The process of depositing a layer of metal onto an object using electrolysis.

Corrosion: Electrochemistry also helps in understanding corrosion, which is a type of oxidation reaction that occurs in metals.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, electrochemistry plays a vital role in both theoretical and practical chemistry. It helps in understanding how chemical reactions can be driven by electricity and how electrical energy can be generated through chemical reactions. The study of electrochemical cells, electrodes, and processes like electrolysis is crucial for the development of modern technologies, such as energy storage devices, batteries, and electroplating. Understanding electrochemistry is essential for advances in various industries, including energy, manufacturing, and environmental protection.