Bihar Board - Class 11 - Chemistry - Chapter 13 : Hydrocarbons Handwritten Notes
Chapter 13 focuses on Hydrocarbons, which are organic compounds consisting entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. This chapter covers the definition, structure, and types of hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Hydrocarbons are naturally found in petroleum, natural gas, and coal, and have various industrial applications.
Key Points
Definition of Hydrocarbons
- Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made up solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
- They are found abundantly in nature in forms such as petroleum and natural gas.
Types of Hydrocarbons
- Alkanes (Saturated Hydrocarbons): Contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. Examples include methane (CH₄), ethane (C₂H₆), etc.
- Alkenes (Unsaturated Hydrocarbons): Contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Examples include ethene (C₂H₄), propene (C₃H₆), etc.
- Alkynes (Unsaturated Hydrocarbons): Contain at least one triple bond between carbon atoms. Examples include ethyne (C₂H₂), propyne (C₃H₄), etc.
Applications of Hydrocarbons
- Used as fuels in internal combustion engines.
- Serve as raw materials for manufacturing plastics, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals.
- Important in the production of lubricants and synthetic rubber.
Conclusion
Hydrocarbons play a critical role in the chemical industry due to their abundance and versatility. Understanding their structure and properties is essential for applications ranging from fuel production to synthetic materials.
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