Bihar Board - Class 11 - Chemistry - Chapter 8: Redox Reactions Handwritten Notes

The "Redox Reactions" chapter focuses on oxidation-reduction processes, which involve the transfer of electrons between substances. These reactions are fundamental to both chemical and biological processes and play a critical role in energy transfer, corrosion, and industrial applications.

Key Points:

1. Oxidation and Reduction:

   • Oxidation: Loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state.
   • Reduction: Gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state.

2. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents:

   • Oxidizing Agent: The substance that gains electrons and gets reduced.
   • Reducing Agent: The substance that loses electrons and gets oxidized.

3. Redox Reactions:

   • A redox reaction involves simultaneous oxidation and reduction processes.
   • Examples: Reaction of hydrogen with oxygen to form water ($$2H2+O2→2H2O2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O).

4. Oxidation Numbers:

   • Used to track electron transfer.
   • Rules help assign oxidation numbers to elements in compounds or ions.

5. Types of Redox Reactions:

   • Combination Reactions: Two or more substances combine to form one product.
   • Decomposition Reactions: A single compound breaks into two or more substances.
   • Displacement Reactions: An element replaces another in a compound.
   • Disproportionation Reactions: The same substance undergoes both oxidation and reduction.

6. Balancing Redox Reactions:

   • Two methods are commonly used:
     • Oxidation Number Method
     • Ion-Electron Method (Half-Reaction Method)

7. Applications of Redox Reactions:

   • Electrochemical cells (e.g., batteries).
   • Corrosion and its prevention.
   • Biological processes like respiration and photosynthesis.

Conclusion:

The "Redox Reactions" chapter provides an in-depth understanding of oxidation-reduction processes and their significance in nature and industry. Mastering these concepts is essential for studying energy transformations and chemical processes in various fields.

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