Bihar Board - Class 11 physics - Chapter 2: Units and Measurements Handwritten Notes

The chapter "Units and Measurements" focuses on the fundamental aspects of physical quantities, units, and the importance of accurate measurements in physics. It explains the SI system of units, and the methods of measurement. It also define the errors, and dimensions, providing the foundation for solving complex problems in physics.

Key Points

1. Physical Quantities

   • Divided into two types:
     • Fundamental Quantities: Length, mass, time, etc.
     • Derived Quantities: Speed, force, energy, etc.

2. System of Units

   • International System of Units (SI): Standardized system used globally.
     • Example: Meter (m) for length, kilogram (kg) for mass, second (s) for time.
   • Other systems: CGS, FPS, and MKS systems.

3. Measurement Techniques

   • Instruments like vernier calipers, screw gauges, and standard weights are used for precise measurement.
   • Significant Figures: Reflect the precision of a measurement.

4. Accuracy, Precision, and Errors

   • Accuracy: Closeness to the true value.
   • Precision: Consistency of repeated measurements.
   • Types of Errors:
     • Systematic Errors: Consistent and predictable (e.g., instrumental error).
     • Random Errors: Vary unpredictably.
     • Least Count Errors: Due to the resolution of the instrument.

5. Dimensional Analysis

   • Uses dimensions of physical quantities to check the correctness of equations and convert units.
   • Dimensional Formula: Represents a quantity in terms of fundamental dimensions (M, L, T).

6. Applications of Dimensional Analysis

   • Checking the consistency of equations.
   • Deriving relations between physical quantities.
   • Converting units from one system to another.

Conclusion

The chapter provides essential tools for understanding and quantifying physical phenomena. Mastery of units, measurements, and dimensional analysis ensures accuracy and consistency in solving physics problems.

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